Jumat, 21 Januari 2011

Biografi Presiden Soekarno " Biography of President Soekarno "

Biografi Presiden Soekarno

Presiden pertama Republik Indonesia, Soekarno yang biasa dipanggil Bung Karno, lahir di Blitar, Jawa Timur, 6 Juni 1901 dan meninggal di Jakarta, 21 Juni 1970. Ayahnya bernama Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo dan ibunya Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. Semasa hidupnya, beliau mempunyai tiga istri dan dikaruniai delapan anak. Dari istri Fatmawati mempunyai anak Guntur, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati dan Guruh. Dari istri Hartini mempunyai Taufan dan Bayu, sedangkan dari istri Ratna Sari Dewi, wanita turunan Jepang bernama asli Naoko Nemoto mempunyai anak Kartika..


Masa kecil Soekarno hanya beberapa tahun hidup bersama orang tuanya di Blitar. Semasa SD hingga tamat, beliau tinggal di Surabaya, indekos di rumah Haji Oemar Said Tokroaminoto, politisi kawakan pendiri Syarikat Islam. Kemudian melanjutkan sekolah di HBS (Hoogere Burger School). Saat belajar di HBS itu, Soekarno telah menggembleng jiwa nasionalismenya. Selepas lulus HBS tahun 1920, pindah ke Bandung dan melanjut ke THS (Technische Hoogeschool atau sekolah Tekhnik Tinggi yang sekarang menjadi ITB). Ia berhasil meraih gelar "Ir" pada 25 Mei 1926.


Kemudian, beliau merumuskan ajaran Marhaenisme dan mendirikan PNI (Partai Nasional lndonesia) pada 4 Juli 1927, dengan tujuan Indonesia Merdeka. Akibatnya, Belanda, memasukkannya ke penjara Sukamiskin, Bandung pada 29 Desember 1929. Delapan bulan kemudian baru disidangkan. Dalam pembelaannya berjudul Indonesia Menggugat, beliau menunjukkan kemurtadan Belanda, bangsa yang mengaku lebih maju itu.

Pembelaannya itu membuat Belanda makin marah. Sehingga pada Juli 1930, PNI pun dibubarkan. Setelah bebas pada tahun 1931, Soekarno bergabung dengan Partindo dan sekaligus memimpinnya. Akibatnya, beliau kembali ditangkap Belanda dan dibuang ke Ende, Flores, tahun 1933. Empat tahun kemudian dipindahkan ke Bengkulu.

Setelah melalui perjuangan yang cukup panjang, Bung Karno dan Bung Hatta memproklamasikan kemerdekaan RI pada 17 Agustus 1945. Dalam sidang BPUPKI tanggal 1 Juni 1945, Ir.Soekarno mengemukakan gagasan tentang dasar negara yang disebutnya Pancasila. Tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, Ir Soekarno dan Drs. Mohammad Hatta memproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Dalam sidang PPKI, 18 Agustus 1945 Ir.Soekarno terpilih secara aklamasi sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia yang pertama.

Sebelumnya, beliau juga berhasil merumuskan Pancasila yang kemudian menjadi dasar (ideologi) Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Beliau berupaya mempersatukan nusantara. Bahkan Soekarno berusaha menghimpun bangsa-bangsa di Asia, Afrika, dan Amerika Latin dengan Konferensi Asia Afrika di Bandung pada 1955 yang kemudian berkembang menjadi Gerakan Non Blok.

Pemberontakan G-30-S/PKI melahirkan krisis politik hebat yang menyebabkan penolakan MPR atas pertanggungjawabannya. Sebaliknya MPR mengangkat Soeharto sebagai Pejabat Presiden. Kesehatannya terus memburuk, yang pada hari Minggu, 21 Juni 1970 ia meninggal dunia di RSPAD. Ia disemayamkan di Wisma Yaso, Jakarta dan dimakamkan di Blitar, Jatim di dekat makam ibundanya, Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. Pemerintah menganugerahkannya sebagai "Pahlawan Proklamasi". (Dari Berbagai Sumber)



English Version

Biography of President Soekarno

First President of the Republic of Indonesia, Sukarno, who used to be called Bung Karno, born in Blitar, East Java, June 6, 1901 and died in Jakarta, 21 June 1970. His father named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo and his mother Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. During his life, he has three wives and has eight children. Fatmawati wife have children from Guntur, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati and thunder. From wife Hartini have Taufan and Bayu, while the wife Ratna Sari Dewi, the woman whose original name was derived Japanese Naoko Nemoto Kartika have children ..


Sukarno's childhood just a few years living with his parents in Blitar. During the elementary to graduate, he lives in Surabaya, homestay in the home Haji Oemar Said Tokroaminoto, veteran politician Sarekat founder of Islam. Then go to school in HBS (Hoogere Burger School). While studying at HBS, Sukarno was galvanizing spirit of nationalism. After he graduated from HBS in 1920, moved to Bandung and continue to THS (Technische Hoogeschool or Technical High School who is now the ITB). He won the title "Ir" on May 25, 1926.


Then, he formulated and established the doctrine Marhaenisme PNI (Nationalist Party of Indonesia) on July 4, 1927, with the aim of an independent Indonesia. As a result, the Netherlands, put into prison Sukamiskin, Bandung on December 29, 1929. Eight months later a new trial. In his defense titled Indonesia Menggugat, he showed apostasy Netherlands, a nation that claims it is more advanced.

Defense that made the Dutch more and more angry. So in July 1930, the PNI was dissolved. After his release in 1931, Sukarno joined Partindo and at the same time lead. As a result, he was re-arrested by the Dutch and exiled to Ende, Flores, 1933. Four years later moved to Bengkulu.

After going through a long struggle, Bung Karno and Bung Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945. In the trial BPUPKI June 1, 1945, Ir.Soekarno the idea of the basic state called Pancasila. August 17, 1945, Ir Soekarno and Drs. Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence. In the trial PPKI, August 18, 1945 Ir.Soekarno elected by acclamation as the first President of the Republic of Indonesia.

Previously, he was also able to formulate that later became the basis of Pancasila (ideology) of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. He seeks to unite the archipelago. Even Sukarno tried to gather the nations in Asia, Africa and Latin America with the Asian-African Conference in Bandung in 1955, which later evolved into the Non-Aligned Movement.

Rebellion G-30-S/PKI bear great political crisis that led to rejection of the Assembly of accountability. Instead the Assembly appoint Suharto as Acting President. His health continued to deteriorate, which on Sunday, June 21, 1970 he died at the army hospital. He was buried at Wisma Yaso, Jakarta and was buried in Blitar, East Java, near the tomb of his mother, Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. Government menganugerahkannya as "Hero of the Proclamation". (From Various Sources)

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